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Beyond the Familiar ACTS 7:1-56 The Defence of Steven Sermon by Phil Hopwood March 21st, 1998
OLD TESTAMENT SCRIPTURE: Isaiah 66:1-2
NEW TESTAMENT SCRIPTURE:
ACTS 7:2-4
We have been through a number of U turns, and dramatic changes We have held many things near and dear, and have subsequently been told many of them are no longer important, no longer foundational Having different temperaments and backgrounds, we have reacted in many different ways to all of this For some it is very hard to change horses in mid stream, to venture into new and unfamiliar territory without as many outward signs of security and identity
I. There is a passage you may not be very familiar with in ACTS, that addresses many of the questions that people have asked over recent years It is the defense of Stephen before the Sanhedrin in Acts 7. It includes our text, and goes on at length to provide some major lessons from the history of Israel Particularly dealing with their refusal to let go of the past and trust God to lead them in a new and better direction
Situation: Some Jewish people who had been unable to stand up against Stephen's arguments, and the Sanhedrin (the ruling body of the Jews) They accused Stephen of speaking against the temple and against Moses and the law sound familiar?
Acts 6:11-15
Richard Longenecker (The Acts of the Apostles);
These three tangible items were central to their faith, to their sense of security, and their identity as Gods people, their view of who they were. This was where their faith lay, in the land, the law and the temple
The LAND was their home, and theirs alone. It supplied their lifes needs, It gave themselves a sense of belonging, a place to call their own, and so it formed an important part of their view of who they were They believed that if they were in the Land God gave them, then they were Gods people
The LAW was their rule book, it made plain not only who they were, but what they were to do and not do. It spelled out what God expected, and gave them something specific to measure whether they were measuring up, or failing to be good enough
They figured if they were observing the letter of the laws demands they were okay with God The TEMPLE was a tangible sign of Gods presence They felt they knew where he was, that he was definitely with them They also believed he was only with them and not other nations, they were his people, and he was their God alone
The point of Stephen's message Don't depend on outward beliefs and distinguishing signs and observances for the basis of your identity and faith Stephen uses the history of Israel to make his point, to defend his teaching about the need to look to Jesus for identity and security instead of to the temple and the law Shows how the men of God in Israel's history didn't have visible or tangible security, but how they had to depend on God instead He shows how they who claimed to follow Moses and the law and have the true worship of God, in fact had a history of rejecting God and the ones he sent, which now included the crucifixion of Jesus, Gods very son, and the one of whom all of Israels heritage pointed It is interesting that it is before the same court, and with similar charges of blasphemy that Jesus had been brought and subsequently condemned to death.
Acts 7:1-53 Stephen replies to the charges 7:1-36 The role of LAND in Israels history:
First we note that God moves people, he doesnt have them stay all the time in the same place, he often has us move on from familiar territory into unfamiliar territory He calls us to follow him, to come out of our old security to rely on him, not on the old familiar and comfortable things that we have depended on for our identity and security. Our identity is as his followers, his people, and our security and faith is to be in him, "on a promise of future security, a future place, not a current one"
God visited Abraham, began his relationship with him outside the land of Canaan. Stephen is showing that God isnt confined to dealing with people in just one location In this first section of his defence, Stephen is making the point that the LAND is not to be venerated to the point that they feel it is sacred and the only place that God works. He shows that many major dealings God had with them actually took place outside the land V 5 Continuing his discussion of Abraham;
Abraham was the father of the faithful, but he didnt have any land, he wasnt defined by a particular place. He had nothing tangible to rely on for his sense of identity, or to give him certainty about his present or future security He just had a relationship with God, and promises of salvation for him, his family and descendants.
And after all the land was not the true fulfilment or goal he had given Abraham and Israel, it was his kingdom, being his people in his presence that was what the land pictured
For around 400 years Israel was to be strangers, enslaved, no land, and then later be given a land and a place to worship God God was very slow in giving them tangible things. He began with just one man, and didnt rush to make them big or secure or wealthy They only had him and his promises and very little else
Stephens point to the Sanhedrin was that Israel had started with nothing and been built into a great nation of God They had now sinned and were about to lose all they had once more, including the land and the temple, but that didnt mean all was lost God had brought them from nothing before, and he would work again with those who like Abraham followed him faithfully, no matter that they had lost all the old things they had looked to for identity and security
Circumcision was the only outward physical sign of Abraham and his descendants identity
Joseph was rejected by his family, he had to put up with being a stranger with no identity, no home, family or LAND of his own. He had nothing to look to or put his trust in except his God Joseph was like Jesus.
He shone above the rest and was despised, and rejected God blessed him and used him to rescue his family who were nomads, and had been forced to leave the land they were camping around in because of famine
In a sense we have been called to leave our old land because We relied on it and all our observances and outward identifying items more than God We were in many cases in a famine We needed to put our faith in the one who we had pushed aside, and rely on him, and him alone to rescue us The one God sent to save us
All the family had was a plot of land for a burial ground. They had no other LAND to live or belong to. No place to hang their hat, or feel secure in. They had no organised religion, no priests, no laws, no rituals or observances, just faith in the one who had called them to be his They found their identity, their security in him and the promises he had given them
Again the people are without a land, without any visible means of support, no physical means of identity, no land, no law, no temple
Stephen is probably comparing the Jews of his day with the Egyptians Sadly the Jews who should have known how God works, became like the Egyptians and fought against God, killed his son and were now attacking his fledgling people Matthew Henry writes on this verse, that Stephen raises this with his Jewish persecutors;
We can gain great encouragement from this It doesnt matter how persecuted or small and weak his church may be, he can and will cause it to increase and multiply
This is a big part of our identity We are people with nothing, who have Jesus as our all in all, our leader and rescuer who has brought us out of slavery to the world from powerlessness, to be come his witnesses, his representatives, his kingdom on earth
Moses was stripped of his home and family, his identity. His life was basically done for, but God made sure he was rescued and taken care of Stephen mentions Moses, partly in response to the charge (v11) that they had heard him "speak blasphemy against Moses and against God." Yet Stephen stood in great admiration of Moses, it was their fathers who spoke against Moses and God
Some make a mistake when they claim that we too are speaking against Moses and the law and all of the Old Testament. As Stephen did, we can and must rightly use the Old Testament to focus on the need for faith in Jesus, for finding our identity in him, and not getting caught up in the signposts and physical types and representations that pointed to him.
Again a man of God is rejected by his own people and flees to become without a home or land
God revealed himself to Moses in a non-descript land, way out in a desert, not in a tabernacle or temple The Jews believed that God only spoke to them, and only through the law and at the temple, that he was only in their land God can speak to us anywhere he wants to, and take us wherever he wants to We dont have to be in a particular place or meet at a particular time to hear him or worship him
There are again obvious parallels that Stephen is making between Moses and Jesus Just as the Israelites rejected Moses, the one God sent as deliverer from slavery and death, and the one through whom they would be build into Gods special people, the Jews at the time of Stephen rejected Jesus and persecuted the little group of Christians that God was just beginning to build Just as Israel started from nothing, so was the church starting. And from nothing, God would build his church successfully, and lead it to his eternal promised land
V 37 Matthew Henrys commentary;
Moses told them of Jesus. Stephen did as well. They thought they were big Moses supporters, they studied the law for hours every day, but they failed to heed the heart of the message of Moses and the law Just as their forefathers rejected Moses, they rejected Jesus, they crucified the prophet like Moses who was sent by God from their own people Matthew Henry:
They were so caught up in their legalism and outward form of religion, their favourite doctrines and practices, their self righteousness and exclusivism that they crucified the Son of God of whom all the law and the prophets, all the holy days and ceremonies pointed to. We have been blessed by God to have our minds opened to learn the lesson the Jews failed to learn To be Gods people, delivered from darkness into the kingdom of light through Jesus Gods Son That is our identity, that is who we are We gain that identity if we rely on Jesus. Through him we are Gods saved people
After being made the people of God, his holy nation, led out of oblivion into Gods presence the people became dissatisfied They longed for a land to stay put in, and a tangible, visible sign of Gods presence to give them a sense of security and identity They were lost without Moses who was up the mountain with God They demanded Aaron make them visible gods to go before them and give them a sense of direction and security
Stephen is showing that there was a great hypocrisy in the Jews self-righteousness about Moses, the Law and the temple, and all their so called devotion to God Because they rarely had observed these things properly in the past Matthew Henry on v42;
Just as people rejected Moses and faith in and worship towards God, so the people at the time of Stephen rejected Jesus and relied on false foundations such as the law, the temple and the land God took away these things they relied on as well as their idols and shrines. Stephen had been telling the Jews of his day that they were again going to lose the temple and the land because their faith was in them and not Jesus The Jews problem was that they couldnt move from the old scheme to the new They so identified with, relied on, and had become so emotionally and habitually tied into the land, the temple and the law, that they couldnt move on Their personal worth and identity was so tied up in the sign posts and shadows, that they couldnt recognise that Jesus was the fulfilment of all those things
We too have in the past focused on the signs and shadows, and found our worth and identity in them We recognised Jesus, but still allowed the shadows to overshadow Jesus We can do it by hanging on to the old ways we used to focus on laws, days, foods, prophesies, relying on our belonging to the right group We can also do it by relying on our old worldly ways of doing things, of turning to the world for security and knowledge, for pleasure and identity. In the midst of an outward show of devotion to God, of flying the flag for various customs and traditions, our hearts can be far away from the simple and true religion we can too easily use our old selfish ways of viewing things and reacting to people and problems, Insisting on our rights, judging, getting angry, gossiping, distorting the truth and so on. As Jesus said to the Pharisees, we need to look at the inside of the cup, not just the outside Summary of Stephens 3 point defence against the accusation that he was against Moses and the law; He argued;
THE TEMPLE v 44-50 In reply to the Jews charge in 6:11 that "This fellow never stops speaking against this holy place and against the law. 14 For we have heard him say that this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place and change the customs Moses handed down to us." Stephen highlights the role of the Tabernacle and Temple in Israels history In the same way as he dealt with the accusation that he was speaking aganst Moses and the law, Stephen now tackles the accusation about the temple, which according to Richard Longeneckers commentary,
Longenecker;
David didnt need, and God wasnt in any hurry to build, a temple. David had a close and intimate relationship with God without the need for a building The TEMPLE
It was only as a concession to David that God allowed the temple to be built As we read in 2 Samuel 7:12-16, Gods main emphasis to David was the promise of the establishment of Davids seed and kingdom It was Jesus who would fulfil those central promises, not the temple or the physical nation of Israel, its land or laws
God taught Israel that he was bigger than any man made temple, that he could not be confined to a particular place That they had things way out of perspective when they felt they could look to the presence of the temple to feel secure that God was with them Bit like us looking to the name Church of God, and feeling we were Gods people because we belonged to one and only true church, that God wasnt with others Remember that Stephen was being charged with saying that Jesus had said the temple was going to be destroyed. Bit similar to charges about us doing away with some of the beliefs and observances we held sacred and that some have had great difficulty letting go; Matthew Henry;
In moving our focus away from days and outward observances, we are not losing the value God invested in them, we are not dishonouring God or diminishing our identity or spirituality We are in fact moving to a greater dimension, closer to the heart of the true religion by focusing on Jesus, God in the flesh, who pales all that came before him into insignificance Just as Jesus stated that he was one greater than the temple, we know that he is greater than all our old practices and dearly held ideas and traditions
MATTHEW 12:5-8
STEPHENS INDICTMENT OF THE JEWS
It is probable that Stephen wanted to say more, to spell out more boldly how their attitudes were ungodly and how they had corrupted the truth, and condemned the Son of God, but felt he had to quickly conclude before the Jews refused to hear any more. So he very quickly rebukes their stiff necked uncircumcised (impure and ungodly) hearts and attitudes Human beings tend to hold obstinately to their own thinking rather than being completely open to whatever the Holy Spirit might say The church has been through a great deal of change Large numbers have not been happy, many have left in anger Too many have been stuck in the past, or have been caught up in arguments and anger about personalities and the way things have been supposedly said or done wrongly The important thing is to humble ourselves before God, before his word and his Spirit
To be prepared to hear what ever God has to say without pride nor prejudice
Stephen condemns the Jews who relied on outward forms of religion, rituals and works of the law, outward signs to feel they belonged to God, such as circumcision He told them that the outside signs were irrelevant because inside they were not Gods people They were uncircumcised in their hearts. They didnt have the inward sign of belonging to God.
They resisted God the Holy Spirit while feeling safe because they had the temple which they thought meant that God was with them, and that they were therefore truly still his people. They claimed to obey Gods laws, but refused to hear the Holy Spirit or His prophets Their ancestors killed those who spoke of Jesus coming and the New Covenant, and these Jews betrayed and crucified the Son of God, the one who was their real source of security and belonging to God They who received Gods law, lived totally contrary to it because they failed to hear what it was really saying, and had now rejected the one the land the law and the temple all pointed to Stephenss message was not an out right renunciation of the temple, or Moses or the law, or the land, but as Floyd Filson writes;
How easy was this message to accept? How did these Jews whose sense of identity and whose sense of being the people of God rested on the land, the law and the temple, react? Even though Stephens condemnation was based on a direct quotation from scripture (Isaiah 66:1-2), how did they receive it? How did they feel when Stephen comes along and attempts to take away everything they had and seemingly leave them with nothing in its place?
Acts 7:54-8:1
They took what Stephen said as an all out attack on all they stood for and relied on He was a threat, and was thus attacked as a heretic, a raving liberal
As we discussed the other month, the word witness in Greek comes from the word "martyr." And means to testify of something. Stephens death spoke loudly as a witness to the importance of what he said The words we have been studying are written in his blood, they are not just a rambling repetition of old history, They deliver a challenge to Gods people to focus on the righteous one, to find our selves in him, and not to lose ourselves in an outward form of religion, of legalism, ritualism, exclusivism and self-righteousness. We learn that all that took place before Jesus, pointed to him, and was fulfilled in him That our identity is not in the things of the Old Covenant that were mere shadows, not in land, Moses and the law, or the temple, but in Jesus the reality, the substance, the centre of our faith We are also reminded that God leads his people where he wills That he sometimes allows his people to be reduced in numbers, to go through times of great uncertainty and change But that he always rebuilds them as he wants them if they are prepared to trust in him, and go wherever he leads them
Let us find our identity and future security in God and his Son, even when it means wandering in unfamiliar places, and no longer hanging on to old territory PRAYER:
APPENDIX Ugly Duckling Didn't seem to fit in Ugly feathers, skinny and out of proportion compared to the other ducks Teased, self-doubt, who and what am I? I don't look like the other ducklings He didnt look so great for a while, but as he grew up he was amazed one day to discovered he was a magnificent long necked white swan, elegant and beautiful Sometimes we feel like we dont have any real identity, that we dont know who we or the church are anymore, or what we are becoming What makes us different to others, are we the same, why should we even exist any longer? What is our future?
Q&A; Our identity What makes us different? When some one asks us who we are, what is the answer? Are we just one of millions of people who put themselves in the category of Christian? In the past we might have said; We are part of the one and only true church, a small flock who alone know and live by the truths of the Bible We could have identified and differentiated ourselves by a long list of different beliefs and practices: We saw ourselves, and were seen to be, clearly outside of mainstream Christianity, definitely, measurably different
What is our Identity now? Is it important that we be radically different to others? How does God define his people? How are Christians different to the world? What are our hallmarks, our differentiating qualities to be? Is it by clearly defined works, outward observances and practices that are radically different to the rest of Christianity? How is our identity, our security, our direction and future defined?
WALKING ON WATER WHO WE ARE Human beings Created good Turned bad, sinful, became cut off from God, lost, mortal, corruptible Called by God to be saved John 3:16 faith in Jesus as our Lord
SIGNS, DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS OF A TRUE CHRISTIAN Lifestyle signs By this will men know that you are my disciples -- love for one another (John 13:35) Fruits of the Spirit (Galatians 5)
Beliefs that characterise a Christian Jesus as the Son of God, our Lord and Saviour, High Priest and King John 3:16 Knowledge that we are sons and daughters, children of God Knowledge that God loves us That we are righteous in his sight through Jesus That we have been born again to live a new life led by the Holy Spirit That we have been place in the body of Christ, the Church To love, worship and obey God Includes fellowship and working with one another to do the work of the gospel A commitment to live that new life
OUTWARD SIGNS What about religious observances and practices? Baptism Bread and wine BUT DON'T WE HAVE ALL THESE THINGS IN COMMON WITH MILLIONS OF OTHERS WHO CALL THEMSELVES CHRISTIANS? Yes and No We cannot easily assume that everyone who calls themselves a Christian really is one As we discussed in Romans 8:9; we have to believe in our hearts and confess with our hearts that Jesus is Lord, to be saved, to be a true Christian Many don't understand or accept Jesus as the Lord of their lives, and view Christianity as just a nice philosophy of being nice to others without any real grasp of sin, and the need for utter dependence on Jesus for forgiveness, and a life saving relationship with God So in that sense we are different to the world, and many professing Christians
IS THIS ENOUGH OF AN IDENTITY FOR US? If we feel a real need to have a more narrowly defined identity to that which we have already looked at, we really need to take a look at this whole question in regard to our own faith, and feeling of identity or lack of it Have to ask ourselves Is Jesus as my Lord really enough identity for me? Do I feel somehow diminished, watered down, insignificant or not special enough in this simple identity? Do we feel that our Church needs to be different, measurably better than other churches to be worth our being part of, worth recommending? Do we feel that our Church needs to be substantially different for others to want to become part of it? Do we feel that we need to have a long list of differentiating beliefs and practices in order to justify our existence as a denomination? Will it help attract new people if we have a solid list of contrasting beliefs and practices in order to give us a separate identity as a denomination and individual Christians? Will it hurt to be basically the same as other churches? These are issues for us all to think, pray and study about. They are issues that we have been forced to face as a result of changing from a highly distinctive, different and exclusive church One in which we were given a clear and bold identity
What was our old identity founded upon? LIST..... Sabbath, Holy Days, food, no smoking, tithing, law keeping, not fellowshipping with other Christians, reading our own literature, listening to one particular man etc. Prophecies of tribulation from which only we would escape, and the World Tomorrow in which we would be the only rulers WHY were we attracted to a church with such different beliefs and practices? Personalities, backgrounds Deep desire to be different, to be accepted by God, to be certain we were okay with him, to feel of value, We wanted certainty about these things, we wanted to be able to measure and thus be sure we were okay with God
What is our new identity founded upon? Jesus as Lord, faith in him, new life Again we need to ask ourselves, is this enough? Do we somehow feel we need more in order to feel safe and accepted by God? Do we feel we need to have measurable, demonstrable proofs beyond faith in Jesus in order to feel secure?
GALATIANS BEING PERSUADED THAT THEIR FAITH IN JESUS WAS NOT ENOUGH Needed supplementing with works of the law, outward distinguishing signs and works Galatians 3:1-11
Important to take time to examine our views on our identity To search our hearts and minds, our past, our background, our thinking and attitudes to see why we felt the need for a plethora of identifying, differentiating beliefs and practices in the past We need to see ourselves as God sees us Do we now feel our feet to be on solid rock, to have a unique and complete and secure identity in Jesus To know that our belonging to God, our identity as his children is not at all dependent on law, land or temple God has called us to a simple faith, a growing dependence and reliance and security that is based simply on Jesus How are you doing in that process? Are you able to leave the old law, the old temple, the old land behind and walk with Jesus alone as your law, temple and dwelling place, as your only and more than adequate sense of identity? Have you been able to grieve through, to accept, and struggle through the loss of all visible, outward, tangible means of identity and security? Are you able to step out of the old boat as Peter did, and walk on the water to Christ, knowing you are safe with him? Are you able to leave the old outward forms, the old legalistic beliefs, the clearly defined temple and the safe feeling of thinking we had an exclusive hold on God and his territory? Are you secure enough in Jesus to be able to walk through life like Abraham and the others, lacking all these external sources of identity and security Are you content to have just the outward signs of baptism and the Lords supper to identify you as belonging to God? If you are having trouble doing so, dont despair? Be prepared to feel your inadequacy, and fears Take them to God Tell him about any pain, hurt or confusion you feel Be honest with yourself and God He already knows your feeling and situation He wants to help you find complete security and a full and total identity in his Son Jesus as your Lord, your Saviour, your all in all, your present, your future, your eternity, your source of belonging, your source of strength and hope In Hebrews 11, we are told that faith is in things which are not seen We are reminded of much of what Stephen talked about, how that we look for a land, a city that is not of this world, and that cannot be seen
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